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Here are short notes from Experiment and Experience: Q.1 What is Experiment? write some of its characteristics. Experiment is a methodology for gaining knowledge by discovering hard facts yielded by evidence. Students extensively used it as a method of gaining any knowledge. Science is taught by experiment as primary method. Everyone has learnt some laws or facts of science by doing some kind  of experiment. There are some experiments popular and recognizable by most of students like to find pH values of given sample to study properties of acids and base to determine focal length of a concave mirror to trace the path of ray of light These kinds of experiments makes a student observant and deductive in nature. It helps him bring out the truths on the nature of world and phenomenons. So, he then uses same methodology while asking questions like: how many people still listen to radio who possesses a television? or What was the Roman catholic birthrat...

The Discovery is a one act play which dramatizes the events of the night before Columbus had discovered American land. It uses his character to tackle questions of fame, authority, bravery and human desires. It is a fine character study. Kindly play following video for summary in Gujarati: Whole play is set on board the ship 'Santa Maria'. At first we are introduced to Diego and Juan who are on quarter deck are talking to each other about Columbus. Diego criticizes Columbus for his authoritative manner. Juan, however, is less verbal in his opinions. We learn that sailors want to go home but columbus has not agreed. Pedro, an officer comes and sees these two. He starts conversation but Diego's anger makes it bitter. However, Columbus enters and dismisses the sailors. Pepe, a page boy hides and listens to captain and officer talking. They are talking about temper of the crew. Pedro argues that sailors are simple men and they want to return to home. I...

The Long Exile is a short story by Leo Tolstoy. It is a story of human suffering and pain, and how we can still be thankful for what we have in life. Kindly play following video for summary in Gujarati: Aksionov is a merchant who is jolly and happy fellow. He sings, a lovely wife and two children. One day he decides to go to a fair but his wife stops him as she had seen a bad dream. Aksionov ignores it and goes anyway. He meets a fellow merchant in the way. They decide to stay night at an inn. Aksionov continues next morning. As he halts at another place, a police officer comes with two soldiers and asks Aksionov questions about who he was and whence he had come. He declares that the merchant who had stayed with Aksionov had been found murdered. Soldiers search Aksionov's luggage and find a blood stained knife. This makes Aksionov fearful and as he can not explain the knife i his bag, he is arrested for murder and stealing money. His life changes from that m...

The shroud is a short story by Premchand. It is a character study of two lazy and careless people who cross the limits of humanity for self gain. This story is set in post independence India. The reality of poverty and Zamindari system can be seen as a backdrop of the story. Kindly play following video for summary in Gujarati: This story is about Ghisu, a sixty year old man in a village and his son Madhav, his forty year old son. This pair of father-son is not ideal to follow. They are laziest persons in the village. They certainly have no will to work or even function as a part of the society. Story starts with Madhav's wife Budhiya writhing in pain as she is in child labour. Ghisu and Madhav sits outside the hut oblivious to fact that Budhiya needs medical help. Author tells us why we shouldn't expect that from these two. They were so lazy that they don't look for food even if they fast for a day. Then they would do temporary and easy jobs to get mone...

Benares is an anecdote and travelogue by Aldous Huxley. He talks his experience and impressions of city of Banaras when he had visited it. Kindly play following video for summary in Gujarati: It was time of eclipse. So, as per hindu faith so many people had gathered in the city. As per hindu mythology when a big serpent swallows the sun, eclipse happens. Huxley finds it laughable as he knows the scientific truth behind the phenomenon. He, being a reporter, is in a small boat with a cameraman to report on the happenings.  He describes the ghats full of religious crowd which he estimate consists millions of people. He describes how people have come without any facility of staying or meals. People are coming in herds and staying at sides of road wherever they find some place. As eclipse was about to happen people were ready for holy bath and prayer which can save the sun.  On some ghats a princess embarks for the bath. There is special provision for her as s...

Job Application Letter Format 1)Employer Contact Information (if you have it) Name Title Company Address City, State Zip Code Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name, (leave out if you don't have a contact) 2)Body of Application Letter The body of your application letter lets the employer know what position you are applying for, why the employer should select you for an interview, and how you will follow up. See below for a paragraph-by-paragraph breakdown of the body of the letter. First Paragraph The first paragraph of your letter should include information on why you are writing. Mention the job you are applying for and where you found the job listing. Include the name of a mutual contact, if you have one. You might conclude by briefly and concisely saying why you think you are an ideal candidate for the job. Middle Paragraph(s) The next section of your application letter should describe what you have to offer the employer. It can be a single paragraph, or you can break it...

Mason's Life is a short story by Kingsley Amis. It is a mind-bending story which makes a reader think about its content even after story ends. Kindly play following video for summary in Gujarati: This story is set in a London bar. Pettigrew comes to a table in the corner and asks person sitting there if could join him. That person agrees. Pettigrew introduces himself and asks other person his name, who amused by Pettigrew's behavior tells his name is George Herbert Mason. Then Pettigrew asks for his number. Mason reluctantly gives it to him which Pettigrew tries to remember. Next he insist that Mason has to take his number. To which Mason refuses. Pettigrew says that they should exchange a phrase which they can repeat over telephone next morning. This behavior irritates Mason. He demands an explanation. Then what Pettigrew tells him is an extra-ordinary and somewhat a crazy idea. Pettigrew believes that he is asleep in his bed. This bar and people in ...

Experiment and Experience is a philosophical essay by W.R. Niblett. Experiment is a methodology for gaining knowledge by discovering hard facts yielded by evidence. Author talks about how people who have learnt in schools in the twentieth century has learnt this methodology. They have extensively used it as a method of gaining any knowledge. Science is taught by experiment as primary method to students. Everyone has learnt some laws or facts of science by doing some kind of experiment. Kindly play the video below for summary in Gujarati: There are some experiments popular and recognizable by most of students like to find pH values of given sample to study properties of acids and base to determine focal length of a concave mirror to trace the path of ray of light to prepare a temporary mount of a leaf to show stomata to analyze effect of difference in mass of an object to its velocity These kinds of experiments makes a student observant and deductiv...

The case for defense is a short story by Graham Green. It is a court room drama, which means this story has scenes in court of justice and may feature judge, lawyers, accused, witnesses etc. In this story the scene is of a murder trial. Here are the facts to be noted before proceeding with the story. murder victim- Mrs. Parker accused- Mr. Adams witnesses- Mrs. Salmon, Henry MacDougall, Mr. Wheeler Kindly play following video for summary in Gujarati This story is narrated by a person present in court, may a reporter. He tells us that murder took place around 2 am in the morning and all the witnesses had seen him fleeing from the crime scene. The notable thing about Adams was that he was a well built man with ugly face and bloodshot eyes. So, it was impossible to forget him. The case against him was very strong. In the next part of the story, Lawyer for prosecution examines the prime witness, Mrs. Salmon. She answers very politely but firmly and has no doubt that it...

Computers is an informative essay which was probably written in 1980s. It is divided into three parts. First part deals with what computer is and its history. Second part deals with various functions that computer does in daily life. Last part talks about software and programming languages. There are three basic functions a computer can perform. mathematical processes compare values store, search and retrieve However, computer has zero IQ, it only follows commands by a human user. But it can work way faster and without mistake. It can perform same task multiple times. That makes computer an important object. History of computers goes on like this: first generation computers-primary mathematical tasks-around 1940 second generation computers-primary tasks and storage process-around 1960 third generation computers-secondary tasks like saving data and retrieving it-after 1965 fourth generation computers-decreased size but increased speed and capacity-after 1970...

Q. Fill in the blanks using appropriate form of verb. I _____ to school everyday. (walk) We _____ a cake now. (make) You _____ to somnath tomorrow. (go) He _____ good English. (speak) Ram _____ the bow. (break) Elephants _____ towards crowd while I was clicking photos. (run) She ______ pickles. (like) Tomorrow at this time, Naresh _____ the news. (watch) Have you _____ this book? (read) He ____ late yesterday. (come) She _____ before I reached home. (cook) A group of people ______ balling some days ago. (play) I _____ the bike now. (ride) They _____ their project by 11th this month. (finish) He _____ noises, so teacher ordered him out. (make) We ______ flowers from the garden every morning. (pluck) James Bond ______ across the wall. (jump) Three children _____ in the park last monday. (swinging) I _____ a tall man when I was in elevator. (see) ______ you ______ last episode of Kapila Sharma Show? (watch) They ______ the trees at this time next friday. (plant)...

Kindly play the video given below for summary of the story in Gujarati . Karma is a short story by Khushvant Singh. It has British India as its setting. We are introduced with two characters here. one is Sir Mohan Lal, a well bread upper class oxford graduate in Indian Civil Service. second is his wife Lachmi, an illiterate woman with middle class upbringing and sensibilities. Author brings the contrast between two characters from the very beginning. We can see that Sir Mohan Lal has dressed well, like an English aristocrat. Lachmi is wearing a sari. Sir Mohan Lal is sitting in waiting room for first class passengers. Lachmi is sitting on a steel trunk outside it. Even the behavior of both characters are very different. Sir Mohan Lal appears orderly and behaves politely. He sits on large cane chair and sips scotch. On other hand, Lachmi sits on luggage and eats her meal. She even belch in public and rinse her mouth at public tap. She eats pan. This tells us enough abou...

     English is like any other language. One can learn it as he/she has learnt his/her first language, by horning their language skills. There are four language skills which helps a learner learn a new language.  Listening Speaking Reading Writing      These skills are in chronological order. One has to master them accordingly. Here are some suggestion how one can improve English by acquiring each skils. 1) Listening skill      To listen to something means hearing it with full attention. So, when you listen to a language being spoken your mind has to understand how words are being pronounced, intonations are used, how pauses are taken etc.      Following are some suggestion for improvement of listening skill: Listen to native speakers speaking English.  Watch videos of your interest in English, that will help you more. Listen to online podcasts, they are good for relatively standard...